Help:IPA/Turkmen

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents the Turkmen language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{IPA-tk}} and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

IPA Orthography English
approximation
b b about
d d ado
dʒ j jump
ð z then
ɸ f phew; or somewhat like food
ɡ[1] g ago
h h[2] home
j ý yet
k[1] k coal
l l late
ɫ[1] l [3] peel ("dark L")
m m much
n n not
ŋ ň wing
p p pan
q[1] k k in the throat
ɾ r AmE pretty or Scottish r
ʁ[1] g French r
ʃ ş shoe
t t table
ts ts[4] bits
tʃ ç change
θ s think
β w like vase, but with both lips
x h[2] Scottish loch
ʒ ž leisure
Vowels
IPA Orthography English
approximation
ɑ a father
æ ä cat
ɛ e bed
ɪ i sick
o o Leo
œ ö somewhat like ] bird
ʊ u wood
ɯ y somewhat like roses, Chinese shi, or Japanese unchi
ʏ ü somewhat like cute
ʏː üý somewhat like cued
Suprasegmentals
IPA Examples
ˈ Akhal-Teke [axalˈteke]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e [k]~[q] and [ɡ]~[ʁ][citation needed][contradictory], [l]~[ɫ] only contrast in loan words before back vowels; in native words, [k, ɡ, l] occur before the front vowels (/ɛ/, /i/, /œ/, /ʏ/), while [q, ʁ, ɫ] occur before the back vowels (/ɑ/, /o/, /ʊ/, /ɯ/).
  2. ^ a b [h] occurs before front vowels (/ɛ/, /ɪ/, /œ/, /æ/, and /ʏ/) while [x] occurs before back vowels (/ɑ/, /o/, /ʊ/, /ɯ/).
  3. ^ In Schöning, Claus. "Turkmen". The Turkic Languages. Lars Johanson and Éva Á. Csató, eds. London: Routledge, 1998. pg. 262
  4. ^ Only found in Russian loanwords. In Schöning, Claus. "Turkmen". The Turkic Languages. Lars Johanson and Éva Á. Csató, eds. London: Routledge, 1998. pg. 261