Help:IPA/Ligurian

The charts below show how the International Phonetic Alphabet represents Romance Ligurian pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{IPA-lij}} and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

Consonants^[1]
IPA		Examples	English approximation
b		bödisson, Bàrboa	bill
d		veddro, cadello	dill
dʒ		gianco, ongia, giærâva	Jill
dʒ	ʎ	coniggio, figgeu, muâgia	Jill or billion^[2]
f		safran, feliçitæ, stuffa	fill
ɡ		preghêa, mëgo, gregâ	grill
k		ancheu, credensa, quæxi	skill
l		lann-a, gallo	lid
m		mënda, famme	mill
n		pinna, nuâ	nest
ŋ	n	fænn-a, donn-o^[3]	nest or ring^[2]
ŋ		tenpo, savon, gianda^[3]	ring
ɲ		âgna, scignôro	onion
p		capriççi, päpêto	spill
ɾ	ɹ	ingreize, rebelêa, sparmâ	batter (American English) or barrel^[2]
s		sêuxoo, paçiensa, pastiççê, nissêua	sell
s	ʃ	pescòu, pastiççê, sfròuxo	sell or shell^[2]
ʃ		sciô, léscico, scerpa	shell
t		çittæ, töa, roêta	still
tʃ		masccio, ociâli, cêuve	chill
v		levòu, vailezzo	veal
z		zenéize, mazzo, spozoéi	zeal
z	ʒ	desmentegâ, asbasciâ, deslengoâse	zeal or leasure^[2]
ʒ		bâxo, scixèrboa, chixêximo	leasure

Semivowels^[1]
IPA		Examples	English approximation
j		scciapeuia, leitûga, ziàrdoa, socjêtæ	young
w		ægoa, ciammòu, quâgia	well

Vowels^[4]
IPA		Examples	English approximation
Short vowels
a		mäveggia, babà, grasso	brother
e		ebrêo, öxello, avédise	bait
ɛ		bello, caffè, fænn-a^[4]	bet
i		infinïo, piccin	beet, but shorter
ɔ	o	votta, òspitòu, Ouröpa	bald, but shorter
ø		béuisccio, cheuscia, euggezzâ	bird (Received Pronunciation), but shorter
u		môro, nasción, rotto	fool, but shorter
y		cuggiæ, fumme, virtù	beauty, but shorter
Long vowels
aː		mäveggia, cicchettâ, ociâli	father
ej	eː	ebrêo, candéia, gêxâ, çëxetta	bait
ɛː		sæa, coæ, bæxinâ	bear (Received Pronunciation)
iː		abaçîa, barbacïo, moînâ	beet
ɔː	oː	stöia, öxello, dizönô	bald
øː		nissêua, dêuviemmo, faxeu	bird
uː		môro, servitô, dôçeménte	fool
yː		lettûa, dûo, aogûri	beauty

Suprasegmentals
IPA		Examples	Explanation
ˈ		sciughêa [ʃyˈɡeːa]	primary stress
ˌ		bruxabaracche [ˌbɾyʒabaˈɾakˑe]	secondary stress
.		létia [ˈleti.a]	syllable break
ˑ		Sann-a [ˈsaŋˑa]	geminated consonant^[1]

Notes

^ ^a ^b ^c Consonant and semivowel lengthening (optionally occurring in paroxytones after stressed short vowels, for semivowels only if also followed by a vowel) is represented in IPA by either doubling the consonant or through the ⟨ˑ⟩ marker (e.g. euggio [ˈøddʒu]/[ˈødˑʒu]).
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e The latter realizations are most common in peripheric areas, such as Ventimiglia or southern Piedmont. In particular [ʃ] and [ʒ] are occurrences of /s/ and /z/ before consonants In the Tabarchino dialect of Carloforte.
^ ^a ^b As in most Northern Italian languages, Ligurian nasals never assimilate their place of articulation to that of the following consonant, differently from what happens in standard Italian. [ŋ] is used in all nasal plus consonant clusters, and it may only contrast with /n/ before vowels (e.g. pénn-a /ˈpeŋa/ 'sorrow' vs pénna /ˈpena/ 'quill').
^ ^a ^b All vowels can occur either in stressed or unstressed position, except short /ɛ/ which is always stressed.

External links

Toso, Fiorenzo. "liguri, dialetti" [Ligurian dialects]. Enciclopedia Treccani (in Italian).
Official Website for the Académia Ligùstica do Brénno (in Ligurian)

[conslength-1] Consonant and semivowel lengthening (optionally occurring in paroxytones after stressed short vowels, for semivowels only if also followed by a vowel) is represented in IPA by either doubling the consonant or through the ⟨ˑ⟩ marker (e.g. euggio [ˈøddʒu]/[ˈødˑʒu]).

[periph-2] The latter realizations are most common in peripheric areas, such as Ventimiglia or southern Piedmont. In particular [ʃ] and [ʒ] are occurrences of /s/ and /z/ before consonants In the Tabarchino dialect of Carloforte.

[nasal-3] As in most Northern Italian languages, Ligurian nasals never assimilate their place of articulation to that of the following consonant, differently from what happens in standard Italian. [ŋ] is used in all nasal plus consonant clusters, and it may only contrast with /n/ before vowels (e.g. pénn-a /ˈpeŋa/ 'sorrow' vs pénna /ˈpena/ 'quill').

[stressvow-4] All vowels can occur either in stressed or unstressed position, except short /ɛ/ which is always stressed.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

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