Help:IPA/Armenian

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Armenian pronunciations in Wikipedia articles, based on Eastern Armenian and Western Armenian standard varieties. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{IPA-hy}} and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

Consonants
IPA Orthography Examples English equivalent
Eastern and Classical Armenian Western Armenian
b [1] բ պ բանալի (EA/C), պատ (WA) bee
d [1] դ տ դու (EA/C), տուն (WA) dog
dz [1] ձ ծ ձուկ (EA/C), ծիծաղ (WA) leads
dʒ [1] ջ ճ ջուր (EA/C), ճանճ (WA) jar
f ֆ ֆուտբոլ fire
g [1] գ կ գազան (EA/C), կատու (WA) good
h հ Հայաստան hot
j յ յուղ yes
kʰ ք գ, ք քամի (EA/C), գարուն, քամի (WA) cup
k [2] կ [3] կատու scan
l լ լուսին lace, but softer
m մ մայր mine
n ն նուռ nest
ŋ[4] ն մենք think
pʰ փ բ, փ փաթիլ (EA/C), բերան, փաթիլ (WA) pork
p [2] պ [3] պատ sport
r [2] ռ ր, ռ[5] ռումբ Rolled R, as in Russian родной
ɹ~ɾ [6] ր րոպե red, but not quite
ʁ ղ ղեկ French rue
s ս սար sign
ʃ շ շուն ship
tʰ թ դ, թ թուղթ (EA/C), դու, թուղթ tomb
t [2] տ [3] տուն stop
tsʰ ց ձ, ց ցուլ (EA/C), ձեւ, ցուլ (WA) knits
ts [2] ծ [3] ծիծաղ Greek τς, as in τσιφλίκι
tʃʰ չ չ, ջ չամիչ (EA/C), չամիչ, ջուր (WA) chin
tʃ [2] ճ [3] ճանճ beach
v վ, ւ վիրավոր (EA/C), վիրաւոր (WA) van
χ խ խաղող Similar to Scottish loch
z զ զարդ zoo
ʒ ժ ժամանակ pleasure, leisure
Monophthongs
IPA Orthography Examples English equivalent
Reformed Classical
ɑ ա ա, այ [7] արեւ, կը դողայ, հիմա lava
ɛ ե,[8] է Վահէ set
ə ը (usually not written) մ(ը)տածում, (ը)սքանչելի, ընկեր about
i ի իր see
ɔ ո,[9] օ ո,[9] օ, ոյ [7] օրէնք, ովկիանոս, հորթ, յետոյ hold
u ու տուն boot
ʏ N/A իւ գիւղ German ü
œ էօ Էօժենի French jeune


Diphthongs
IPA Orthography Examples English equivalent
Reformed Classical
ɑj այ այգի, հայ eye
ɛj եյ, էյ էյ թէյ say
ij իյ իյնալ French fille
ɔj ոյ խոյ boy
uj ույ ոյ քոյր French grenouille
jɑ յա, իա յա, իա, էա, եա, եայ[7] սենեակ, կայան yuck; Finnish/Swedish ja
jɛ ե, յե, յէ երազ, հայելի, նայէ՛ yes
ji յի յի; occurs in էի կ'ուզէին, Մայիս yeast
jɔ յո եօ եօթը yolk, American slang yo
ju յու յու, իւ; occurs in իու, էու իւղ, կայուն you


Suprasegmentals
IPA Meaning
ˈ Stress (placed before the stressed syllable)

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e Plosives and affricates that are voiced in Eastern Armenian /b d dz dʒ ɡ/ are voiceless aspirated /pʰ tʰ tsʰ tʃʰ kʰ/ in Western Armenian. "In some publications, the voiceless plosives [of Eastern Armenian] are also defined as ejectives or glottalised. Glottalised plosives occur in various Armenian dialects and can also be found in the Eastern Armenian vernacular based on the Yerevan dialect, but according to normative grammars, SMEA [Standard Modern Eastern Armenian] shows no glottalised voiceless plosives." Jasmine Dum-Tragut. Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian. London Oriental and African Language Library, 2007, ISSN 1382-3485; p. 17
  2. ^ a b c d e f /p t ts tʃ k/ are not used in Western Armenian.
  3. ^ a b c d e Plosives and affricates that are tenuis /p t ts tʃ k/ in Eastern Armenian and Classical Armenian are voiced /b d dz dʒ ɡ/ in Western Armenian.
  4. ^ Allophone of /n/ before velar consonants.
  5. ^ The two rhotics represented as ⟨ռ⟩ and ⟨ր⟩ have merged to /ɾ/ in Western Armenian.
  6. ^ In Classical Armenian and among modern Iranian Armenians, /ɾ/ is an alveolar approximant [ɹ].
  7. ^ a b c Classical Armenian ⟨այ, ոյ, եայ⟩ are only found word-finally.
  8. ^ ⟨ե⟩ represents [jɛ] when word-initial.
  9. ^ a b ⟨ո⟩ represents [vo] when word-initial.