Hirshabelle State
Hirshabelle State is an autonomous region in south-central Somalia. It is bordered by Galmudug to the north, South West State of Somalia and Banadir region to the south, Ethiopia to the west and the Somali Sea to the east. Jowhar is the capital city of Hirshabelle.[citation needed]
Hirshabelle consists of the Hiran and Middle Shabelle regions of Somalia, and its name is derived from a conflation of their names. Hirshabelle considers itself an autonomous state within the larger Federal Republic of Somalia, as defined by the Provisional Constitution of the Federal Republic of Somalia.
On August 8, 2015, the President and Prime Minister of the Somali Federal Government, and the regional political leaders, including the de facto governors of Hiiraan and Middle Shabelle, launched the process for establishing a new federal member state at Villa Somalia in Mogadishu. Jowhar in Middle Shabelle was designated to host the state formation conference, not without opposition from leaders in Hiiraan who wanted the conference to take place in Beledweyne.
The Berghof Foundation wrote in 2017 that "...The president of Hirshabelle belongs to the Hawadle and his vice-president to the Abgaal which are both a subclan of Mudulood and Larger Hawiye clan ."[2] The principal tension at HirShabelle FMS level is the rivalry between these two sub-clans over governance in the new state. At a lower level, conflicts can occur between sub-clans over the ownership of land, and scarce pasture and water during drought periods. In most cases the conflicts are triggered by armed militias who erect roadblocks with the aim of guarding their lands. Some conflicts have been resolved while others remain unresolved. Conflicts start from disagreements between individuals and escalate to violent clan-based conflict.
Climate
In March and April, the average daily maximum temperature in Beledweyne, the capital of Hiraan, is 36.7 °C (98.1 °F). In December, the average daily maximum temperature is 21.9 °C (71.4 °F).
| Climate data for Beledweyne, Somalia | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 41.5 (106.7) |
42.5 (108.5) |
43.0 (109.4) |
43.0 (109.4) |
41.3 (106.3) |
39.0 (102.2) |
39.0 (102.2) |
39.0 (102.2) |
40.2 (104.4) |
45.0 (113.0) |
40.0 (104.0) |
42.0 (107.6) |
45.0 (113.0) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 34.5 (94.1) |
35.4 (95.7) |
36.7 (98.1) |
36.9 (98.4) |
34.9 (94.8) |
34.0 (93.2) |
33.0 (91.4) |
33.8 (92.8) |
35.3 (95.5) |
34.4 (93.9) |
34.8 (94.6) |
34.5 (94.1) |
34.8 (94.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 28.2 (82.8) |
28.7 (83.7) |
30.0 (86.0) |
30.4 (86.7) |
29.2 (84.6) |
28.4 (83.1) |
27.8 (82.0) |
27.7 (81.9) |
29.0 (84.2) |
28.7 (83.7) |
28.5 (83.3) |
28.5 (83.3) |
28.7 (83.7) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 22.0 (71.6) |
22.0 (71.6) |
23.4 (74.1) |
23.9 (75.0) |
23.4 (74.1) |
22.8 (73.0) |
22.6 (72.7) |
21.6 (70.9) |
22.7 (72.9) |
22.6 (72.7) |
22.3 (72.1) |
22.3 (72.1) |
22.6 (72.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 16.0 (60.8) |
16.5 (61.7) |
17.0 (62.6) |
16.0 (60.8) |
18.0 (64.4) |
17.0 (62.6) |
17.0 (62.6) |
16.3 (61.3) |
17.2 (63.0) |
17.0 (62.6) |
15.0 (59.0) |
15.0 (59.0) |
15.0 (59.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 0 (0) |
1 (0.0) |
5 (0.2) |
48 (1.9) |
59 (2.3) |
6 (0.2) |
3 (0.1) |
3 (0.1) |
8 (0.3) |
51 (2.0) |
16 (0.6) |
5 (0.2) |
204 (8.0) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 20 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 58 | 57 | 57 | 60 | 64 | 61 | 65 | 64 | 59 | 64 | 63 | 62 | 61 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 288.3 | 276.9 | 288.3 | 243.0 | 272.8 | 249.0 | 201.5 | 232.5 | 246.0 | 223.2 | 243.0 | 269.7 | 3,034.2 |
| Mean daily sunshine hours | 9.3 | 9.8 | 9.3 | 8.1 | 8.8 | 8.3 | 6.5 | 7.5 | 8.2 | 7.2 | 8.1 | 8.7 | 8.3 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 80 | 79 | 65 | 53 | 54 | 61 | 54 | 62 | 62 | 57 | 60 | 69 | 63 |
| Source #1: Deutscher Wetterdienst[3] | |||||||||||||
| Source #2: Food and Agriculture Organization: Somalia Water and Land Management (percent sunshine)[4] | |||||||||||||
References
- ^ "International partners welcome orderly election of Mohamed Abdi Ware as new president of HirShabelle state". United Nations Assistance Mission In Somalia. 17 September 2017. Retrieved 21 November 2017.
- ^ https://www.berghof-foundation.org/en/news-article/new-report-conflict-assessment-report-hirshabelle-state-somalia/
- ^ "Klimatafel von Beled Weyne (Belet Uen) / Somalia" (PDF). Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
- ^ "Long term mean monthly sunshine fraction in Somalia". Food and Agriculture Organization. Retrieved 4 November 2016.