Mac OS Roman

Mac OS Roman is a character encoding primarily used by the classic Mac OS to represent text. It encodes 256 characters, the first 128 of which are identical to ASCII, with the remaining characters including mathematical symbols, diacritics, and additional punctuation marks. It is suitable for English and several other Western languages. Mac OS Roman is a superset of the original Macintosh character set, used in System 1.

The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority identifies this encoding using the string "macintosh". The MIME Content-Type for this encoding is therefore "text/plain; charset=macintosh". Mac OS Roman is also referred to as MacRoman or the Apple Standard Roman character set. The Microsoft Windows code page number is 10000.

Characters that were in ISO 8859-1 but not in Mac OS Roman were a source of trouble trying to display or edit web pages on Macintosh computers.

Codepage layout

The following table shows how characters are encoded in Macintosh Roman. Each character is shown with its Unicode equivalent right below and its decimal code at the bottom.

Mac OS Roman
	_0	_1	_2	_3	_4	_5	_6	_7	_8	_9	_A	_B	_C	_D	_E	_F
0_	NUL 0000	SOH 0001	STX 0002	ETX 0003	EOT 0004	ENQ 0005	ACK 0006	BEL 0007	BS 0008	HT 0009	LF 000A	VT 000B	FF 000C	CR 000D	SO 000E	SI 000F
1_	DLE 0010	DC1^[a] 0011	DC2^[a] 0012	DC3^[a] 0013	DC4^[a] 0014	NAK 0015	SYN 0016	ETB 0017	CAN 0018	EM 0019	SUB 001A	ESC 001B	FS 001C	GS 001D	RS 001E	US 001F
2_	SP 0020	! 0021	" 0022	# 0023	$ 0024	% 0025	& 0026	' 0027	( 0028	) 0029	* 002A	+ 002B	, 002C	- 002D	. 002E	/ 002F
3_	0 0030	1 0031	2 0032	3 0033	4 0034	5 0035	6 0036	7 0037	8 0038	9 0039	: 003A	; 003B	< 003C	= 003D	> 003E	? 003F
4_	@ 0040	A 0041	B 0042	C 0043	D 0044	E 0045	F 0046	G 0047	H 0048	I 0049	J 004A	K 004B	L 004C	M 004D	N 004E	O 004F
5_	P 0050	Q 0051	R 0052	S 0053	T 0054	U 0055	V 0056	W 0057	X 0058	Y 0059	Z 005A	[ 005B	\ 005C	] 005D	^ 005E	_ 005F
6_	` 0060	a 0061	b 0062	c 0063	d 0064	e 0065	f 0066	g 0067	h 0068	i 0069	j 006A	k 006B	l 006C	m 006D	n 006E	o 006F
7_	p 0070	q 0071	r 0072	s 0073	t 0074	u 0075	v 0076	w 0077	x 0078	y 0079	z 007A	{ 007B	\| 007C	} 007D	~ 007E	DEL 007F
8_	Ä 00C4	Å 00C5	Ç 00C7	É 00C9	Ñ 00D1	Ö 00D6	Ü 00DC	á 00E1	à 00E0	â 00E2	ä 00E4	ã 00E3	å 00E5	ç 00E7	é 00E9	è 00E8
9_	ê 00EA	ë 00EB	í 00ED	ì 00EC	î 00EE	ï 00EF	ñ 00F1	ó 00F3	ò 00F2	ô 00F4	ö 00F6	õ 00F5	ú 00FA	ù 00F9	û 00FB	ü 00FC
A_	† 2020	° 00B0	¢ 00A2^[b]	£ 00A3^[b]	§ 00A7	• 2022	¶ 00B6	ß 00DF	® 00AE	© 00A9^[b]	™ 2122	´ 00B4	¨ 00A8	≠ 2260	Æ 00C6	Ø 00D8
B_	∞ 221E	± 00B1^[b]	≤ 2264	≥ 2265	¥ 00A5	µ 00B5^[b]	∂ 2202	∑ 2211	∏ 220F	π 03C0	∫ 222B	ª 00AA	º 00BA	Ω 03A9	æ 00E6	ø 00F8
C_	¿ 00BF	¡ 00A1	¬ 00AC	√ 221A	ƒ 0192	≈ 2248	∆ 2206	« 00AB	» 00BB	… 2026	NBSP 00A0	À 00C0	Ã 00C3	Õ 00D5	Œ 0152	œ 0153
D_	– 2013	— 2014	“ 201C	” 201D	‘ 2018	’ 2019	÷ 00F7	◊ 25CA	ÿ 00FF	Ÿ 0178	⁄ 2044	€^[c] 20AC	‹ 2039	› 203A	ﬁ FB01	ﬂ FB02
E_	‡ 2021	· 00B7	‚ 201A	„ 201E	‰ 2030	Â 00C2	Ê 00CA	Á 00C1	Ë 00CB	È 00C8	Í 00CD	Î 00CE	Ï 00CF	Ì 00CC	Ó 00D3	Ô 00D4
F_	^[d] F8FF	Ò 00D2	Ú 00DA	Û 00DB	Ù 00D9	ı 0131	ˆ 02C6	˜ 02DC	¯ 00AF	˘ 02D8	˙ 02D9	˚ 02DA	¸ 00B8	˝ 02DD	˛ 02DB	ˇ 02C7

Letter Number Punctuation Symbol Other undefined

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d The (usually nonprintable) character 0x11 is mapped to the Command key glyph (⌘) in many fonts, particularly those intended for use as system fonts. It is mappable to the Unicode character U+2318 ⌘ PLACE OF INTEREST SIGN. The codes 0x12, 0x13, and 0x14 were also used for icons to indicate the shift, option, and control keys in menu items.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e The codes 0xA2, 0xA3, 0xA9, 0xB1, and 0xB5 coincidentally have the same character assignment as ISO 8859-1 (and thus Unicode).
^ Before Mac OS 8.5, the character 0xDB mapped to currency sign (¤), Unicode character U+00A4.
^ The character 0xF0 is a solid Apple logo. The Unicode equivalent U+F8FF is in the Corporate Private Use Area, but it is probably not supported on non-Apple platforms.

Application notes

With the release of Mac OS X, Mac OS Roman and all other "scripts" (as classic Mac OS called them) were replaced by UTF-8 as the standard character encoding for the Macintosh operating system. However, the default character encoding in Java for Mac OS X remained MacRoman,^[1] and the keyboard layout with its combination of control, option, and dead keys still map to the original characters in MacRoman. The default character encoding for Java can be changed to UTF-8 by adding the following line to .bashrc:

export set JAVA_OPTS="$JAVA_OPTS -Dfile.encoding=UTF8"

References

^ "Java Development Guide for Mac: User Interface Toolkits for Java". Archived from the original on 2012-11-19.

Apple Computer, Inc. (1993). Inside Macintosh: Text. New York: Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-201-63298-5.
Apple Computer, Inc. (1985). Inside Macintosh Volume I. New York: Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-201-17731-5.

External links

Apple Computer, Inc. (2002) [1995-04-15]. "ROMAN.TXT: Map (external version) from Mac OS Roman character set to Unicode 2.1 and later". Unicode, Inc. Archived from the original on 2017-02-17. Retrieved 2017-02-17.
"Description of Mac OS Roman". 2009. Archived from the original on 2009-05-27.
"Apple Quickdraw Character Set". Kermit. Columbia University. Retrieved 2017-02-17.

[command_key-1] The (usually nonprintable) character 0x11 is mapped to the Command key glyph (⌘) in many fonts, particularly those intended for use as system fonts. It is mappable to the Unicode character U+2318 ⌘ PLACE OF INTEREST SIGN. The codes 0x12, 0x13, and 0x14 were also used for icons to indicate the shift, option, and control keys in menu items.

[ISO-2] The codes 0xA2, 0xA3, 0xA9, 0xB1, and 0xB5 coincidentally have the same character assignment as ISO 8859-1 (and thus Unicode).

[currency-3] Before Mac OS 8.5, the character 0xDB mapped to currency sign (¤), Unicode character U+00A4.

[Apple-4] The character 0xF0 is a solid Apple logo. The Unicode equivalent U+F8FF is in the Corporate Private Use Area, but it is probably not supported on non-Apple platforms.

[5] "Java Development Guide for Mac: User Interface Toolkits for Java". Archived from the original on 2012-11-19.

[a]

[b]

[c]

[d]

[1]

Character encodings
Early telecommunications	ASCII ISO/IEC 646 ISO/IEC 6937 T.61 BCDIC Baudot code Morse code Telegraph code Wabun code Special telegraphy codes Non-Latin Chinese Cyrillic Needle telegraph codes
ISO/IEC 8859	-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9 -10 -11 -12 -13 -14 -15 -16
Bibliographic use	ANSEL ISO 5426 / 5426-2 / 5427 / 5428 / 6438 / 6861 / 6862 / 10585 / 10586 / 10754 / 11822 MARC-8
National standards	ArmSCII BraSCII CNS 11643 ELOT 927 GOST 10859 GB 18030 HKSCS I.S. 434 ISCII JIS X 0201 JIS X 0208 JIS X 0212 JIS X 0213 KOI-7 KPS 9566 KS X 1001 PASCII SI 960 TIS-620 TSCII VISCII VSCII YUSCII
EUC	CN JP KR TW
ISO/IEC 2022	CN JP KR CCCII
MacOS code pages ("scripts")	Armenian Arabic Barents Cyrillic Celtic CentEuro ChineseSimp / EUC-CN ChineseTrad / Big5 Croatian Cyrillic Devanagari Dingbats Farsi (Persian) Gaelic Georgian Greek Gujarati Gurmukhi Hebrew Iceland Inuit Japanese / ShiftJIS Keyboard Korean / EUC-KR Latin (Kermit) Maltese/Esperanto Ogham / I.S. 434 Roman Romanian Sámi Symbol Thai / TIS-620 Turkish Turkic Latin Turkic Cyrillic Ukrainian
DOS code pages	100 111 112 113 151 152 161 162 163 164 165 166 210 220 301 437 449 489 620 667 668 707 708 709 710 711 714 715 720 721 737 768 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 790 850 851 852 853 854 855/872 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864/17248 865 866/808 867 868 869 874/1161/1162 876 877 878 881 882 883 884 885 891 895 896 897 898 899 900 903 904 906 907 909 910 911 926 927 928 929 932 934 936 938 941 942 943 944 946 947 948 949 950/1370 951 966 991 1034 1039 1040 1041 1042 1043 1044 1046 1086 1088 1092 1093 1098 1108 1109 1114 1115 1116 1117 1118 1119 1125/848 1126 1127 1131/849 1139 1167 1168 1300 1351 1361 1362 1363 1372 1373 1374 1375 1380 1381 1385 1386 1391 1392 1393 1394 CWI-2 Iran System Kamenický KOI8 Mazovia MIK
IBM AIX code pages	367 371 806 813 819 895 896 912 913 914 915 916 919 920 921/901 922/902 923 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959 960 961 963 964 965 970 971 1004 1006 1008 1009 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1029 1036 1089 1111 1124 1129/1163 1133 1350 1382 1383
IBM Apple MacIntosh emulations	1275 1280 1281 1282 1283 1284 1285 1286
IBM Adobe emulations	1038 1276 1277
IBM DEC emulations	1020 1021 1023 1090 1100 1101 1102 1103 1104 1105 1106 1107 1287 1288
IBM HP emulations	1050 1051 1052 1053 1054 1055 1056 1057 1058
Windows code pages	CER-GS 874/1162 (TIS-620) 932/943 (Shift JIS) 936/1386 (GBK) 950/1370 (Big5) 949/1363 (EUC-KR) 1169 1174 Extended Latin-8 1200 (UTF-16LE) 1201 (UTF-16BE) 1250 1251 1252 1253 1254 1255 1256 1257 1258 1259 1261 1270 54936 (GB18030) 65001 (UTF-8)
EBCDIC code pages	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37/1140 37-2 38 39 40 251 252 254 256 257 258 259 260 264 273/1141 274 275 276 277/1142 278/1143 279 280/1144 281 282 283 284/1145 285/1146 286 287 288 289 290 293 297/1147 298 300 310 320 321 322 330 351 352 353 355 357 358 359 360 361 363 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 410 420/16804 421 423 424/8616/12712 425 435 500/1148 803 829 833 834 835 836 837 838/838 839 870/1110/1153 871/1149 875/4971/9067 880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 892 893 905 918 924 930/1390 931 933/1364 935/1388 937/1371 939/1399 1001 1002 1003 1005 1007 1024 1025/1154 1026/1155 1027 1028 1030 1031 1032 1033 1037 1047 1068 1069 1070 1071 1073 1074 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079 1080 1081 1082 1083 1084 1085 1087 1091 1097 1112/1156 1113 1122/1157 1123/1158 1130/1164 1132 1136 1137 1150 1151 1152 1159 1165 1166 1278 1279 1303 1364 1376 1377 JEF KEIS
Platform specific	Acorn Adobe Standard Adobe Latin 1 Apple II Apple Sabine ATASCII Atari ST BICS Casio calculators CDC Compucolor II CPC DEC Radix-50 DEC MCS/NRCS DG International ELWRO-Junior FIELDATA GEM GEOS GSM 03.38 HP Roman Extension HP Roman-8 HP Roman-9 HP FOCAL HP RPL LICS LMBCS Mattel Aquarius Minitel MSX NEC APC NeXT OricSCII PCW PETSCII Sega SC-3000 Sharp calculators Sharp MZ Sinclair QL Teletext TI calculators TRS-80 Ventura International Ventura Symbol Videotex WISCII XCCS ZX80 ZX81 ZX Spectrum
Unicode / ISO/IEC 10646	UTF-1 UTF-7 UTF-8 UTF-16 (UTF-16LE/UTF-16BE) / UCS-2 UTF-32 (UTF-32LE/UTF-32BE) / UCS-4 UTF-EBCDIC GB 18030 BOCU-1 CESU-8 SCSU
TeX typesetting system	Cork LGR LY1 OML OMS OMX OT1 OT2 OT3 OT4 T2A T2B T2C T2D T3 T4 T5 TS1 TS3 U X2
Miscellaneous code pages	ABICOMP APL ARIB STD-B24 HZ INIS INIS-8 ISO-IR-111 ISO-IR-169 ISO-IR-182 ISO-IR-197 ISO-IR-200 ISO-IR-201 Johab SEASCII Stanford/ITS TACE16 TRON UTF-5 UTF-6 WTF-8
Related topics	Code page Control character (C0 C1) CCSID Character encodings in HTML Charset detection Han unification Hardware ISO 6429/IEC 6429/ANSI X3.64 Mojibake
Character sets

Mac OS Roman

Codepage layout

Application notes

See also

References

External links