Tillamook language

Tillamook is an extinct Salishan language, formerly spoken by the Tillamook people in northwestern Oregon, United States. The last fluent speaker was Minnie Scovell who died in 1972,[3] in an effort to prevent the language from being lost, a group of researchers from the University of Hawaii interviewed the few remaining Tillamook-speakers and created a 120-page dictionary.[4]

Phonology

Vowels

Front Back
High i ə
Low æ ɑ

Consonants

Alveolar Postalveolar
/ palatal		 Velar Uvular Glottal
Central Lateral Unrounded "Rounded" Unrnd. "Rnd."
Stop t k kᵓ q qᵓ ʔ
Ejective tʼ kʼ kᵓʼ qʼ qᵓʼ
Affricate t͡s t͡ʃ
Ejective affricate t͡sʼ t͡ɬʼ t͡ʃʼ
Fricative s ɬ ʃ x xᵓ χ χᵓ h
Nasal n
Approximant l j ɰᵓ

Internal Rounding

The so-called "rounded" consonants (traditionally marked with the diacritic ⟨ʷ⟩, but here indicated with ⟨ᵓ⟩), including rounded vowels and ⟨w⟩ (/ɰᵓ/), are not actually labialized. The acoustic effect of labialization is created entirely inside the mouth by cupping the tongue. Uvulars with this distinctive internal rounding have "a kind of ɔ timbre" while "rounded" front velars have ɯ coloring. These contrast and oppose otherwise very similar segments having ɛ or ɪ coloring—the "unrounded" consonants.

/w/ is also formed with this internal rounding instead of true labialization, making it akin to [ɰ]. So are vowel sounds formerly written as /o/ or /u/, which are best characterized as the diphthong /əɰ/ with increasing internal rounding.[5]

Notes

  1. ^ http://www.tillamookheadlightherald.com/news/a-language-all-but-lost/article_02ccab3e-1530-53b4-85a5-af8a1f88f26a.html
  2. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2016). "Tillamook". Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 
  3. ^ http://www.tillamookheadlightherald.com/news/a-language-all-but-lost/article_02ccab3e-1530-53b4-85a5-af8a1f88f26a.html
  4. ^ Official site of Clatsop-Nehalem Confederated Tribes
  5. ^ Thompson & Thompson (1966), p. 316

Bibliography

  • Thompson, Lawrence C.; M. Terry Thompson (1966). "A Fresh Look at Tillamook Phonology". International Journal of American Linguistics. 32 (4): 313–319. doi:10.1086/464920. 
  • Edel, May M (1939). The Tillamook language. New York: J.J. Augustin. Retrieved 2013-09-22. 
  • "May M. Edel papers". Special Collections, University of Washington Libraries. Retrieved 2013-09-22. 

External links