Kapurthala
Kapurthala (Punjabi pronunciation: [kə.puːɾ.t̪ʰə.läː]) is a city in Punjab state of India. It is the administrative headquarters of Kapurthala District. It was the capital of the Kapurthala State, a princely state in British India. The aesthetic mix of the city with its prominent buildings based on French and Indo-Saracenic architecture self-narrate its princely past. It is also known as city of Palaces & Gardens. According to the 2011 census, Kapurthala is the least populated city in India.[2]
History
Kapurthala town was founded by Kotak Rajputs. From 11th century to 1772, Kapurthala was under the control of various Muslim chieftains, who served as feudatories under Delhi Sultanate and the Mughal Empire.[3][4]
Princely state
In 1772, Kapurthala was seized from Muslim chieftains and was annexed into Kapurthala State by the Ahluwalia Sikh rulers. Kapurthala flag has two color background, with insignia and moto that says "pro rege et patria" (in Latin) meaning "For king and country"
Demographics
As per provisional data of 2011 census Kapurthala had a population of 101,854, out of which males were 55,485 and females were 46,169. The literacy rate was 85.82 per cent.[5]
The table below shows the population of different religious groups in Kapurthala city, as of 2011 census.
| Religion | Total | Female | Male |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hindu | 62,056 | 27,793 | 34,263 |
| Sikh | 34,410 | 16,298 | 18,112 |
| Muslim | 1,242 | 469 | 773 |
| Christian | 579 | 256 | 323 |
| Jain | 110 | 47 | 63 |
| Buddhist | 17 | 7 | 10 |
| Other religions | 28 | 12 | 16 |
| Not stated | 474 | 233 | 241 |
| Total | 98,916 | 45,115 | 53,801 |
Climate
| Climate data for Kapurthala (1981–2010, extremes 1966–1996) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 27.7 (81.9) |
28.2 (82.8) |
35.0 (95.0) |
43.0 (109.4) |
47.7 (117.9) |
47.3 (117.1) |
45.5 (113.9) |
41.2 (106.2) |
41.0 (105.8) |
38.1 (100.6) |
39.0 (102.2) |
28.0 (82.4) |
47.7 (117.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 18.2 (64.8) |
20.8 (69.4) |
25.6 (78.1) |
33.4 (92.1) |
38.4 (101.1) |
40.5 (104.9) |
36.0 (96.8) |
34.0 (93.2) |
34.1 (93.4) |
31.3 (88.3) |
25.9 (78.6) |
20.3 (68.5) |
29.9 (85.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 5.0 (41.0) |
7.5 (45.5) |
11.8 (53.2) |
17.1 (62.8) |
21.8 (71.2) |
24.0 (75.2) |
24.0 (75.2) |
24.8 (76.6) |
22.6 (72.7) |
16.9 (62.4) |
10.8 (51.4) |
5.8 (42.4) |
16.0 (60.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 0.0 (32.0) |
1.0 (33.8) |
1.8 (35.2) |
7.0 (44.6) |
11.8 (53.2) |
15.5 (59.9) |
14.5 (58.1) |
17.8 (64.0) |
12.0 (53.6) |
8.0 (46.4) |
2.0 (35.6) |
0.0 (32.0) |
0.0 (32.0) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 24.1 (0.95) |
32.8 (1.29) |
35.6 (1.40) |
23.3 (0.92) |
31.9 (1.26) |
29.3 (1.15) |
171.3 (6.74) |
148.6 (5.85) |
109.0 (4.29) |
12.1 (0.48) |
7.3 (0.29) |
12.0 (0.47) |
637.3 (25.09) |
| Average rainy days | 2.1 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 6.9 | 7.3 | 3.8 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 1.3 | 36.1 |
| Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) | 75 | 74 | 72 | 62 | 60 | 56 | 75 | 83 | 72 | 69 | 70 | 72 | 70 |
| Source: India Meteorological Department[8][9] | |||||||||||||
Railway
The Kapurthala railway station is located on the Jalandhar–Firozpur line.[10]
Education
- NJSA Government College, established in 1856, popularly known as Randhir College, after its founder Randhir Singh of Kapurthala[11]
- Bebe Nanaki University College Mithra
Culture and films
- The film 'Tanu Weds Manu' (2011) had some scenes shot in Kapurthala city and Kala Sanghian.
- Kapurthala gives its name to the Kapurthala stomacher, a wedding gift from the Maharajah to Mary of Teck, the future Queen Mary, in 1893.[12]
- In the 2010 Pakistani drama Dastaan, a period drama that is set during the Partition of India, Kapurthala serves as the place where Bano, the main Muslim female character, is kept for nearly five years by a Sikh family.[citation needed]
Literature
- Kapurthala is the birthplace of the Urdu Poet, Mehr Lal Soni Zia Fatehabadi.
References
- ^ "Kapurthala Web Portal". Retrieved 18 August 2023.
- ^ "Top 10 Least Populated Cities of India - 2023". www.census2011.co.in.
- ^ "History - Kapurthala Web Portal". Retrieved 18 August 2023.
- ^ "Hazrat Baba Haider Sheikh & Malerkotle Wale Pir". Sufi Post || The Relationship between Spirituality, Religion, and Culture. Retrieved 6 April 2022.
- ^ "Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above" (PDF). Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
- ^ "Kapurthala City Population 2023 | Literacy and Hindu Muslim Population". www.census2011.co.in.
- ^ https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11389, India - C-01: Population by religious community, Punjab - 2011, Kapurthala (M Cl)
- ^ "Station: Kapurthala Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 389–390. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
- ^ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M170. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
- ^ "Time table of KAPURTHALA (KXH) railway station". Rail Drishti. Retrieved 29 August 2020.
- ^ "College of excellence, 150 years ago". The Tribune. 1 October 2006.
- ^ "Royal Collection". Archived from the original on 9 June 2008. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
External links
- Kapurthala Web Portal - kapurthala.gov.in
- Kapurthala, a City with a Royal Ambiance - www.kapurthalacity.com
- More Information about Kapurthala - www.kapurthalacity.info
- Information about Kapurthala city Archived 6 March 2021 at the Wayback Machine - www.kapurthalaonline.com
- Sights and street views of Kapurthala city (YouTube video - www.youtube.com/watch?v=C9o94z3D0Yk
- Information about Best College in Kapurthala - www.lkckpt.ac.in
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