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Help:IPA/Marathi

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Marathi pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

See Marathi phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Marathi.

Consonants
IPA[1] Marathi[1] IAST English Approximation
b ब b abash
bʱ[2] भ bh clubhouse
d द d deal (dental)
dʱ ध dh redhead (dental)
ɖ ड ḍ American bird
ɖʱ ढ ḍh American birdhouse
dʑ[3] ज j jazz
dʑʱ[3] झ jh hedgehog
ɡ ग g again
ɡʱ घ gh loghouse
ɦ ह h have
j य, ञ y yak
k क k scan
kʰ ख kh can
l ल l lot
ɭ̆[4] ळ ḷ Similar to bell
m म m might
n न n not
ŋ ङ ṅ sing
ɳ ण ṇ American burn
ɲ ञ, ज्ञ ñ minion
p प p spot
pʰ[5] फ ph pot
ɾ र r American atom
ʃ श ś ship
ʂ ष ṣ American worship
s[6] स s see
t त t bit (dental)
tʰ थ th table (dental)
ʈ ट ṭ parts
ʈʰ ठ ṭh partake
tɕ[7] च c catch
tɕʰ[7] छ ch beachead
ʋ व v Between wine and vine
Vowels
IPA Marathi IAST English Approximation
aː आ ā father
æ अ‍ॅ æ trap
ə अ a about
e ए e Scottish may
i इ i happy
iː ई ī keep
o ओ o story
ɔ ऑ a not
u उ u pull
uː ऊ ū pool
əi ऐ ai Similar to buy
əm अं am rhythm
əu औ au Similar to go
ɾu ऋ ṛ rule
Suprasegmentals
IPA
ˈ stress
(placed before stressed syllable)
◌ː doubled consonant
(placed after consonant)

Notes

  1. ^ a b In the letter series beginning with क, क = क् + अ; ka = k + a. Thus 'क' has the inherent vowel 'अ', giving 'क' without added vowel sign using diacritics (The halanta "्" is removed). But the IPA shown here has the consonant 'k' only & does not include the vowel 'a'.
  2. ^ /bʱ/ is pronounced either as [bʱ] or [v].
  3. ^ a b /dʑ/ and /dʑʱ/ phonetically may be either [dʑ] and [dʑʱ], [dz] and [dzʱ] or [dʒ] and [dʒʱ] depending on the variety and speaker.
  4. ^ /ɭ̆/ is pronounced either as [ɭ̆] or [ɭ].
  5. ^ /pʰ/ is pronounced either as [pʰ] or [f].
  6. ^ /s/ is pronounced either as [s] or [ɕ].
  7. ^ a b /tɕ/ and /tɕʰ/ phonetically may be either [tɕ] and [tɕʰ] or [ts] and [tsʰ], [tʃ] and [tʃʰ] depending on the variety and speaker.

Bibliography

  • Marathi language sounds
  • Bloch, J (1970). Formation of the Marathi Language. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-2322-8.
  • Dhongde, Ramesh Vaman; Wali, Kashi (2009). Marathi. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Pub. Co. ISBN 978-90-272-38139.
  • A Survey of Marathi Dialects. VIII. Gāwḍi, A. M. Ghatage & P. P. Karapurkar. The State Board for Literature and Culture, Bombay. 1972.

See also