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4 Vulpeculae

4 Vulpeculae is a single,[8] orange-hued star in the northern constellation of Vulpecula. It forms part of the asterism, formerly thought to be an open cluster, called the coathanger or Brocchi's Cluster.[9][10] The star is faintly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 5.16.[2] The distance to this star, based upon an annual parallax shift of 12.5320±0.1008 mas,[1] is around 260 light years.

At the age of about 2.6 billion years old,[2] this is an aging giant star with a stellar classification of K0 III,[2] having exhausted the supply of hydrogen at its core and evolved off the main sequence. It is now a red clump giant, indicating that it is on the horizontal branch and is generating energy through the fusion of helium at its core.[3] The star has an estimated 1.72[2] times the mass of the Sun and has expanded to 11.42[1] times the Sun's radius. It is radiating 67.6[2] times the Sun's luminosity from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,763 K.[2]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (August 2018). "Gaia Data Release 2: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 616. A1. arXiv:1804.09365. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. Gaia DR2 record for this source at VizieR.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Luck, R. Earle (2015), "Abundances in the Local Region. I. G and K Giants", Astronomical Journal, 150 (3), 88, arXiv:1507.01466, Bibcode:2015AJ....150...88L, doi:10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/88, S2CID 118505114.
  3. ^ a b Alves, David R. (August 2000), "K-Band Calibration of the Red Clump Luminosity", The Astrophysical Journal, 539 (2): 732–741, arXiv:astro-ph/0003329, Bibcode:2000ApJ...539..732A, doi:10.1086/309278, S2CID 16673121.
  4. ^ Anderson, E.; Francis, Ch. (2012), "XHIP: An extended hipparcos compilation", Astronomy Letters, 38 (5): 331, arXiv:1108.4971, Bibcode:2012AstL...38..331A, doi:10.1134/S1063773712050015, S2CID 119257644.
  5. ^ a b Soubiran, C.; et al. (June 2010), "The PASTEL catalogue of stellar parameters", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 515: A111, arXiv:1004.1069, Bibcode:2010A&A...515A.111S, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014247, S2CID 118362423.
  6. ^ Massarotti, Alessandro; et al. (2008), "Rotational and Radial Velocities for a Sample of 761 Hipparcos giants and the role of binarity", The Astronomical Journal, 135 (1): 209–231, Bibcode:2008AJ....135..209M, doi:10.1088/0004-6256/135/1/209.
  7. ^ "4 Vul". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2018-04-05.
  8. ^ Eggleton, P. P.; Tokovinin, A. A. (September 2008), "A catalogue of multiplicity among bright stellar systems", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 389 (2): 869–879, arXiv:0806.2878, Bibcode:2008MNRAS.389..869E, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13596.x, S2CID 14878976.
  9. ^ Kaler, James B., "The Coathanger, A Non-Cluster", Stars, University of Illinois, retrieved 2018-04-07.
  10. ^ Baumgardt, H. (December 1998), "The nature of some doubtful open clusters as revealed by HIPPARCOS", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 340: 402−414, Bibcode:1998A&A...340..402B.