Roseburia

Roseburia is a genus of butyrate-producing, Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria that inhabit the human colon.[2] With a cell morphology of a curved-rod shape, this bacterium uses its flagella to move around.[3] The bacterium is named in honor of Theodor Rosebury who has contributed vastly to the oral microbiome field.[3] First isolated in human fecal samples, Roseburia has been found to provide several health benefits pertaining to the human gut microbiome.[4] Belonging to the Bacillota phylum (previously known as Firmicutes), Clostridia class, Clostridiales order, and Lachnospiraceae family, the Roseburia genus currently has 5 known species: Roseburia cecicola, Roseburia faecis, Roseburia hominis, Roseburia intestinalis, and Roseburia inulinivorans.[3]

There are several diseases that Roseburia has been shown to have a positive effect on such as inflammatory bowel disease, alcoholic fatty liver, colorectal cancer, and metabolic syndrome.[5] Increased abundance of Roseburia is associated with weight loss and reduced glucose intolerance in mice.[6]

Biology and biochemistry

As a member of the Bacillota phylum, Roseburia has been known to be an important bacterium in the human gut microbiome.[7] The five species under the Roseburia genus (Roseburia cecicola, Roseburia faecis, Roseburia hominis, Roseburia intestinalis, and Roseburia inulinivorans) are known to produce butyrate, acetate, and propionate.[3]

By fermenting complex polysaccharides that can't be digested by host enzymes as they enter the human colon, Roseburia produces short chain fatty acids like acetate, butyrate, and propionate.[4] Butyrate in particular is colonocytes preferred form of energy.[5] There are two main groups that are found from human feces that produce butyrate, one of them being clostridial cluster XIVa.[8] Cluster XIVa has been shown to be related to Roseburia cecicola.[8] Roseburia's ability to produce butyrate has been directly linked to positive health benefits such as prevention of type II diabetes, ulcerative colitis, and colon cancer.[5] This is demonstrated through butyrate's ability inhibit histone deacetylase, which is correlated to its protective role in anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic effects.[4]

Next-generation probiotic: Roseburia intestinalis

Amongst all of Roseburia's species, R. intestinalis has coined the term of the "next-generation probiotic."[4] A study was done that showcased a decrease in the abundance of R. intestinalis within the intestinal microbiota was linked to untreated Crohn's disease patients in their fecal samples.[9] This study concluded that Crohn's pathogenesis is suppressed by R. intestinalis through its ability to induce anti-inflammatory responses, as present through the production of butyrate.[9] A study showcased the mechanism that R. intestinalis uses to suppress the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease is by increasing the production of TSLP in the intestinal epithelial cells through TLR5.[10] By increasing the differentiation of anti-inflammatory Tregs, R. intestinalis is able to further delay the development of Crohn's disease.[10] Production of TSLP will lead to the decreased secretion of IL-10 and TGFβ from dendritic cells.[10]

On the other end, a study has shown that an increased abundance of R. intestinalis has been linked to β-mannan's ability to selectively promote beneficial gut bacteria.[11] It was concluded that R. intestinalis is a key degrader of β-mannan and could be used to elevate the selection of key members of the beneficial gut bacteria.[11]

Patients with ulcerative colitis are shown to have a decreased abundance of R. intestinalis.[12] In a study utilizing rats with colitis-related symptoms, relief was seen after an enema containing R. intestinalis was given.[12] With an increased expression of Zo-1 in colon tissues, the gut epithelia of the treated rats were seen to be restored.[12] R. intestinalis was correlated to restore the gut microbiota of the treated rats by promoting colon repair and recovering the gastrointestinal function.[12]

Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)[1] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)[13]

16S rRNA based LTP_10_2024[14][15][16] 120 marker proteins based GTDB 09-RS220[17][18][19]
Roseburia
Roseburia

R. amylophila Hitch et al. 2022

R. difficilis Liu et al. 2022

species‑group 2

Falcatimonas

Eubacterium oxidoreducens

Roseburia zhanii Liu et al. 2022

Agathobacter

Roseburia

"R. porci" Wylensek et al. 2020

R. inulinivorans Duncan et al. 2006

R. faecis Duncan et al. 2006

R. intestinalis Duncan et al. 2002

R. cecicola Stanton & Savage 1983

R. hominis Duncan et al. 2006

Roseburia

R. amylophila

"R. yibonii" Liu et al. 2021

species‑group 2

Roseburia zhanii

Roseburia

R. inulinivorans

R. hominis

R. intestinalis

"R. rectibacter" Liu et al. 2021

"Roseburia porci"

Lachnobacterium

Agathobacter

See also

References

  1. ^ a b A.C. Parte; et al. "Roseburia". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 2022-09-09.
  2. ^ Scott, K. P.; Martin, J. C.; Mrazek, J.; Flint, H. J. (2 May 2008). "Transfer of Conjugative Elements from Rumen and Human Firmicutes Bacteria to Roseburia inulinivorans". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 74 (12): 3915–3917. Bibcode:2008ApEnM..74.3915S. doi:10.1128/AEM.02807-07. PMC 2446557. PMID 18456856.
  3. ^ a b c d Nie, Kai; Ma, Kejia; Luo, Weiwei; Shen, Zhaohua; Yang, Zhenyu; Xiao, Mengwei; Tong, Ting; Yang, Yuanyuan; Wang, Xiaoyan (2021-11-22). "Roseburia intestinalis: A Beneficial Gut Organism From the Discoveries in Genus and Species". Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. 11. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2021.757718. ISSN 2235-2988. PMC 8647967. PMID 34881193.
  4. ^ a b c d Mukhopadhya, Indrani; Martin, Jennifer C.; Shaw, Sophie; Gutierrez-Torrejon, Martin; Boteva, Nikoleta; McKinley, Aileen J.; Gratz, Silvia W.; Scott, Karen P. (2025-12-31). "Novel insights into carbohydrate utilisation, antimicrobial resistance, and sporulation potential in Roseburia intestinalis isolates across diverse geographical locations". Gut Microbes. 17 (1). doi:10.1080/19490976.2025.2473516. ISSN 1949-0976. PMC 11913394. PMID 40089923.
  5. ^ a b c Zhang, Chao; Ma, Kejia; Nie, Kai; Deng, Minzi; Luo, Weiwei; Wu, Xing; Huang, Yujun; Wang, Xiaoyan (2022-09-08). "Assessment of the safety and probiotic properties of Roseburia intestinalis: A potential "Next Generation Probiotic"". Frontiers in Microbiology. 13. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.973046. ISSN 1664-302X. PMC 9493362. PMID 36160246.
  6. ^ Ryan, KK; Tremaroli, V; Clemmensen, C; Kovatcheva-Datchary, P; Myronovych, A; Karns, R; Wilson-Pérez, HE; Sandoval, DA; Kohli, R; Bäckhed, F; Seeley, RJ (2014). "FXR is a molecular target for the effects of vertical sleeve gastrectomy". Nature. 509 (7499): 183–8. Bibcode:2014Natur.509..183R. doi:10.1038/nature13135. PMC 4016120. PMID 24670636.
  7. ^ Hillman, Ethan T.; Kozik, Ariangela J.; Hooker, Casey A.; Burnett, John L.; Heo, Yoojung; Kiesel, Violet A.; Nevins, Clayton J.; Oshiro, Jordan M.K.I.; Robins, Melissa M.; Thakkar, Riya D.; Wu, Sophie Tongyu; Lindemann, Stephen R. (2020-07-01). "Comparative genomics of the genus Roseburia reveals divergent biosynthetic pathways that may influence colonic competition among species". Microbial Genomics. 6 (7). doi:10.1099/mgen.0.000399. ISSN 2057-5858. PMC 7478625. PMID 32589566.
  8. ^ a b Duncan, Sylvia H.; Aminov, Rustam I.; Scott, Karen P.; Louis, Petra; Stanton, Thaddeus B.; Flint, Harry J. (2006-10-01). "Proposal of Roseburia faecis sp. nov., Roseburia hominis sp. nov. and Roseburia inulinivorans sp. nov., based on isolates from human faeces". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 56 (10): 2437–2441. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.64098-0. ISSN 1466-5026. PMID 17012576.
  9. ^ a b Shen, Zhaohua; Zhu, Changxin; Quan, Yongsheng; Yang, Jinming; Yuan, Wei; Yang, Zhenyu; Wu, Shuai; Luo, Weiwei; Tan, Bei; Wang, Xiaoyan (October 2018). "Insights into Roseburia intestinalis which alleviates experimental colitis pathology by inducing anti-inflammatory responses". Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 33 (10): 1751–1760. doi:10.1111/jgh.14144. ISSN 0815-9319. PMID 29532517.
  10. ^ a b c Shen, Zhaohua; Wang, Xiaoyan (June 2023). "IDDF2023-ABS-0302 Study on the anti-inflammatory mechanism of roseburia intestinalis including differentiation of the regulatory T cells via TLR5 on the intestinal epithelial cells in inflammatory bowel disease". BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology: A132.2–A133. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2023-IDDF.117. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  11. ^ a b La Rosa, Sabina Leanti; Leth, Maria Louise; Michalak, Leszek; Hansen, Morten Ejby; Pudlo, Nicholas A.; Glowacki, Robert; Pereira, Gabriel; Workman, Christopher T.; Arntzen, Magnus Ø.; Pope, Phillip B.; Martens, Eric C.; Hachem, Maher Abou; Westereng, Bjørge (2019-02-22). "The human gut Firmicute Roseburia intestinalis is a primary degrader of dietary β-mannans". Nature Communications. 10 (1): 905. Bibcode:2019NatCo..10..905L. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-08812-y. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 6385246. PMID 30796211.
  12. ^ a b c d Xu, Fenghua; Cheng, Yi; Ruan, Guangcong; Fan, Liqin; Tian, Yuting; Xiao, Zhifeng; Chen, Dongfeng; Wei, Yanling (January 2021). "New pathway ameliorating ulcerative colitis: focus on Roseburia intestinalis and the gut–brain axis". Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology. 14. doi:10.1177/17562848211004469. ISSN 1756-2848. PMC 8053823. PMID 33948112.
  13. ^ Sayers; et al. "Roseburia". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2022-09-09.
  14. ^ "The LTP". Retrieved 10 December 2024.
  15. ^ "LTP_all tree in newick format". Retrieved 10 December 2024.
  16. ^ "LTP_10_2024 Release Notes" (PDF). Retrieved 10 December 2024.
  17. ^ "GTDB release 09-RS220". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
  18. ^ "bac120_r220.sp_labels". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
  19. ^ "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2024.