Hinghwa Romanized , also known as Hing-hua̍ báⁿ-uā-ci̍ (興化平話字) or Báⁿ-uā-ci̍ (平話字), is a Latin alphabet of the Putian dialect of Pu-Xian Min language. It was invented by William N. Brewster (蒲魯士), an American Methodist pioneer missionary in Hinghwa (modern Putian ) in 1890.
Writing system
Alphabet
Hinghwa Romanized has 23 letters: a a̤ b c ch d e e̤ g h i k l m n ng o o̤ p s t u ṳ.
Finals
Vowel
Diphthong
Nasal
Glottal
no glide
a 鴉 (a)
au 拗 (au)
aŋ 王 (ang)
aʔ 壓 (ah)
ɒ 奥 (o̤)
ɒŋ 用 (o̤ng)
ɒʔ 屋 (o̤h)
o 科 (eo)
ɔu 烏 (o)
oŋ 温 (eong)
oʔ 熨 (eoh)
e 裔 (a̤)
ai 愛 (ai)
ɛŋ 煙 (eng)
ɛʔ 黑 (eh)
œ 改 (e̤)
œŋ 換 (e̤ng)
œʔ 郁 (e̤h)
ŋ 伓 (ng)
/-i-/
i 衣 (i)
iu 油 (iu)
iŋ 引 (ing)
iʔ 益 (ih)
ia 夜 (ia)
iau 要 (a̤u)
iaŋ 鹽 (iang)
iaʔ 葉 (iah)
/-u-/
u 夫 (u)
ui 位 (ui)
uŋ 黄 (ng)
ua 画 (ua)
ue 歪 (oi)
uaŋ 碗 (uang)
uaʔ 活 (uah)
/-y-/
y 余 (ṳ)
yŋ 恩 (ṳng)
yʔ 役 (ṳh)
yɒ 安 (io̤ⁿ)
yɒŋ 羊 (io̤ng)
yɒʔ 藥 (io̤h)
Tone
Tone
Ing-báⁿ 陰平
Ing-siō̤ng 陰上
Ing-kṳ̍ 陰去
Ing-ci̍h 陰入
Ió̤ng-báⁿ 陽平
Ió̤ng-kṳ̍ 陽去
Ió̤ng-ci̍h 陽入
Hinghwa Romanized
none (a)
ˆ (â)
ˈ (a̍)
none (ah)
́ (á)
¯ (ā)
ˈ (a̍h)
Putian
˥˧˧ (533)
˦˥˧ (453)
˦˨ (42)
ʔ˨˩ (ʔ21)
˩˧ (13)
˩ (11)
ʔ˦ (ʔ4)
Xianyou
˥˦˦ (544)
˧˧˨ (332)
˥˨ (52)
ʔ˨ (ʔ2)
˨˦ (24)
˨˩ (21)
ʔ˦ (ʔ4)
Example text
Tai̍-che̤ ū Dō̤, Dō̤ gah Siō̤ng-Da̤̍ dó̤ng-cāi, Dō̤ cuh sī Siō̤ng-Da̤̍. Ca̤̍ Dō̤ ta̍i-che̤ gah Sio̤ng-Da̤̍ dó̤ng-cāi. Māng-beo̍h sī ciā da̤u̍h I cho̤̍ ē; hang pī cho̤̍, beo̍ seo̍h-ā̤uⁿ ng-sī ciā da̤u̍h I cho̤̍ ē.
太初有道，道佮上帝同在，道就是上帝。這道太初佮上帝同在。萬物是借著伊造兮，含被造兮，無一樣呣是借著伊造兮。
In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. The same was in the beginning with God. All things were made by him; and without him was not any thing made that was made. (John 1:1-3 KJV)
IPA
Hinghwa Romanized
Foochow Romanized
pʰ
p
p
tʰ
t
t
kʰ
k
k
p
b
b
t
d
d
k
g
g
tsʰ
ch
ch
ts
c
c
Tone
陰平 Ing-báⁿ
陰上 Ing-siō̤ng
陰去 Ing-kṳ̍
陰入 Ing-ci̍h
陽平 Ió̤ng-báⁿ
陽去 Ió̤ng-kṳ̍
陽入 Ió̤ng-ci̍h
Hinghwa Romanized
a
â
a̍
ah
á
ā
a̍h
Pe̍h-ōe-jī
a
á
à
ah
â
ā
a̍h
References
External links
