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2025 India–Pakistan strikes

Operation Sindoor logo

Fighting broke out between India and Pakistan on 7 May 2025, after India launched missile strikes on Pakistan, codenamed Operation Sindoor.[a] The Indian strike was in response to the 22 April terror attack by militants in the Indian administered Kashmir killing 28 civilians, mostly Hindu tourists. The Pahalgam attack had triggered the 2025 India–Pakistan standoff, which is part of the broader Kashmir conflict.

According to India, the missile strikes targeted the militant groups Jaish-e-Mohammed and Lashkar-e-Taiba; and no Pakistani military facilities were targeted. According to Pakistan the Indian strikes targeted civilian areas, including mosques, killing 31 Pakistani civilians.

In retaliation to the strikes, Pakistan claimed to have downed a number of Indian jets and inflicting damage on Indian infrastructure. India said that the Pakistani cross-border artillery fire killed 15 Indian civilians.

On 8 May, India said that Pakistani army attempted a drone and missile strike across several Indian cities including Amritsar which were intercepted by the S-400 missile system. According to Indian authorities, the strike was negated. In response, Indian army said that it carried out SEAD/DEAD operations and claimed to have neutralized the air defense systems in Lahore.[22][13]

Background

Further information: 2025 India–Pakistan standoff and 2025 Pahalgam attack

The Kashmir conflict, ongoing since 1947, has fuelled multiple wars and skirmishes between India and Pakistan over the disputed region.[23] On 22 April 2025, a terrorist attack by militants near Pahalgam in the Indian administered Kashmir killed 28 civilians, mostly Hindu tourists.[24][25] The attack was claimed by The Resistance Front, an offshoot of the militant organization Lashkar-e-Taiba, which is backed by Pakistan.[26][27][28] In the aftermath, India and Pakistan announced a series of actions targeting the other and engaged in military posturing.[29]

Timeline

7 May

On 7 May 2025, the Indian Armed Forces launched a series of 14 attacks, codenamed Operation Sindoor, targeting nine locations in Pakistani-administered Kashmir and Pakistan's Punjab province.[30][31] The attack was presumably carried out by the Rafale aircraft of the Indian Air Force using SCALP missiles and AASM Hammer bombs over a 23 minute duration.[32][33] Reportedly, the Indian Army's Indo-Israeli SkyStriker loitering munitions were also used in the operation.[34][35] A Pakistani general said that the strikes were conducted without Indian aircraft entering Pakistani airspace.[36]

The Indian government described the strikes as "focused, measured, and non-escalatory."[9] It claimed that the missile strikes targeted the infrastructure of terrorist groups Jaish-e-Mohammed and Lashkar-e-Taiba; and no Pakistani military facilities were targeted.[37][38][39] The missile strikes targeted camps across nine locations including Bahawalpur and Muridke, alleged to be the hubs of terrorist organizations Jaish-e-Mohammed[40][41] and Lashkar-e-Taiba respectively.[42][43] The Indian Army released multiple video footage of the targets struck during this operation.[44][45]

A statement from the Pakistan prime minister's office claimed that five Indian fighter jets including Rafales and a unmanned aerial vehicle were shot down.[44] A French intelligence official told CNN that an Indian Rafale was downed by Pakistan.[46] Reuters reported that unnamed Indian government sources told that three fighter jets had crashed in India due to unknown causes.[47] However, Indian government refuted the claims that any aircraft had been shot.[7]

According to India, Pakistani cross-border artillery shelling and small arms firing increased following the Indian attacks,[48] including in the regions of Kupwara, Baramulla, Uri and Akhnoor, located in the Indian administered Kashmir.[49]

8 May

On the following night, Pakistani army attempted a drone and missile strike across several Indian cities including Amritsar. According to Indian authorities, the strike was negated by the S-400 missile system.[22][13]. This was the first combat use of the Indian S-400 missile system or Sudarshan.[50] Additionally, Indian Armed Forces were reportedly "compelled to respond to bring Mortar and Artillery fire from Pakistan to a halt".[51]

In response, Indian Armed Forces carried out SEAD/DEAD operations and claimed to have neutralized the air defense systems in Lahore.[22] Pakistani authorities said that several Indian drones intruded in Pakistani airspace, and 12 Indian drones were shot down. As per Pakistan, these drones were sent into nine different locations including the cities of Karachi and Lahore, and one of the drones struck a Pakistani military facility near Lahore.[52] The Pakistani military later claimed to have shot down 25 Israeli-made Harop drones in the Pakistani side of the border, an Indian government source confirmed atleast one drone being taken down.[53][54]

Casualties

According to Pakistan, the Indian missile attacks killed 31 people, and injured at least 46 others.[55][56] Masood Azhar, the leader of the Jaish-e-Mohammed, said ten of his relatives were killed in the Indian attacks, including five children from his extended family.[57][58] Reuters reported that a mosque was damaged in Muzaffarabad in the attacks,[59] and BBC News referred to a local report that said that an educational complex was hit in Muridke which included a school, a college and a medical clinic.[60] An additional five people were reportedly killed due to Indian artillery shelling, bringing the total death toll to 31.[61] As per Pakistani authorities, there was one civilian casualty and injury to four other security personnel in the Indian drone attacks.[52][62]

Indian officials said that Pakistani artillery fire killed 15 civilians and injured 43 inside the Indian administered Kashmir.[63][64] The casualties and majority of the injuries occurred in Poonch district.[65][66][67] One Indian soldier was also killed in the shelling.[8] Indian media sources also indicated that a gurudwara, a school and some of the houses were damaged in the attacks.[68] An Indian farmer was killed and nine others were injured from an explosion after an unidentified aircraft crashed in Bathinda district of Punjab.[69]

Indian Defence Minister Rajnath Singh said on 8 May that at least 100 terrorists had been killed in the missile strikes.[10]

Impact

The Pakistani airspace was closed for 48 hours and all flights were cancelled.[70][71][72] In Pakistani Punjab, schools and colleges were closed, while board examinations were postponed on 7 May.[73] There were reports of a blackout in Muzaffarabad, Pakistan.[74] CIE examinations were cancelled in Lahore on 8 May.[75]

In India, at least 25 airports across northern, and western parts of the country were shut down until 10 May.[76] Indian carriers including Air India, IndiGo, and SpiceJet halted flights in the region,[77]. Other international carries like Air France and Lufthansa avoided Pakistani airspace.[78][79] Three Dhaka-bound international flights operated by Turkish Airlines, Jazeera Airways, and Kuwait Airways were diverted to other airports.[80] Malaysia Airlines and Batik Air suspended operations and/or re-routed flights to certain cities in both the countries.[81]

According to the BBC, there were a number of misinformation campaigns across both the countries following the strike.[82]

Reactions

Involved parties

Supranational bodies

International

  •  Algeria: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs expressed deep concern about the recent escalation of armed exchanges between India and Pakistan, urged both sides to maintain self‑restraint and calm, to return immediately to dialogue in a spirit of responsibility, and warned that political and diplomatic means must prevail over the use of force.[94]
  •  Bangladesh: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs, in an official statement, has conveyed that it is closely observing the situation. Additionally, it has urged both nations to exercise restraint and maintain calm.[95]
  •  China: A Foreign Ministry Spokesperson said that China found India's military operation early in the morning regrettable. The spokesperson expressed concern about the ongoing situation and urged both sides to act in the larger interest of peace and stability, to remain calm, exercise restraint, and refrain from taking actions that might further complicate the situation.[96][97][98]
  •  Israel: Ambassador to India Reuven Azar said that Israel supports India's right for self-defense. He added that "terrorists should know there's no place to hide from their heinous crimes against the innocent."[96][97]
  •  Germany: The foreign office issued a statement online, urging that "Escalation must be prevented and civilians protected."[55]
  •  Japan: Takeshi Iwaya, Japan's foreign minister, released a statement declaring that the country is "deeply concerned that the recent series of events could lead to further reprisals and escalate into a full-scale military conflict."[55]
  •  Qatar: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs urged diplomacy and restraint.[99]
  •  Russia: Foreign Ministry spokesperson Maria Zakharova called both involved parties to exercise restraint and expressed the country is "deeply concerned about the intensifying military confrontation between India and Pakistan after the terrorist attack near the city of Pahalgam".[100]
  •  Ukraine: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs called for both parties to pursue diplomatic engagement and avoid escalation.[101]
  •  United Arab Emirates: Foreign minister Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan called for both sides to show restraint and avoid an escalation.[102]
  •  United Kingdom: Foreign Secretary David Lammy called on both sides "to show restraint and engage in direct dialogue to find a swift, diplomatic path forward."[103]
  •  United States: President Donald Trump remarked on the Indian military strikes on Pakistan that "It's a shame" and said he hopes the fighting ends quickly.[104] US Secretary of State Marco Rubio spoke to the national security advisers from India and Pakistan and urged both to keep lines of communication open and avoid escalation.[105][106]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Sindoor is a reddish pigment used by Hindu women on their foreheads to indicate their married status.[19] This was allegedly due to Hindu men being selectively targeted in the earlier Pahalgam attack, leaving their wives widowed.[20][21]

References

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